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Kim Yong-nam, who served as North Korea’s nominal head of state for more than two decades, was a unique political figure who survived three generations of dictatorship, evading the purges or demotions typical of the opaque elite of the communist regime.
在朝鲜担任名义国家元首逾二十年的金永南(Kim Yong-nam)，是一位独特的政治人物。他历经三代独裁政权而屹立不倒，躲过了这个不透明的共产主义政权精英阶层中常见的清洗与降职。
Kim, who died on November 3 at the age of 97, was the “affable” public face of North Korea on the international stage, being the country’s second most powerful man as the president of Pyongyang’s rubber-stamp Supreme People’s Assembly from 1998 to 2019.
金永南于11月3日逝世，享年97岁。他在国际舞台上是朝鲜“和蔼可亲”的公众形象，曾担任平壤橡皮图章式最高权力机构——最高人民会议(Supreme People's Assembly)的主席，自1998年至2019年，是仅次于金日成之后国内第二号人物。
He never lost favour with the ruling Kim dynasty which has controlled North Korea since 1948, serving the Kim family from founder Kim Il Sung to his son Kim Jong Il and his grandson Kim Jong Un.
自1948年以来一直统治朝鲜的金氏王朝对他从未失宠，他一直为金氏家族效力，从缔造者金日成(Kim Il Sung)，到其子金正日(Kim Jong Il)，再到其孙金正恩(Kim Jong Un)。
North Korean leader Kim Jong Un attended the funeral of Kim Yong-nam
朝鲜领导人金正恩出席了金永南的葬礼
Kim was born in 1928 to an “anti-Japanese patriotic family” in Pyongyang when the country was under Japanese colonial rule, according to North Korean state media. He went on to study at Kim Il Sung University and Moscow State University in Russia.
据朝鲜官方媒体报道，金永南于1928年出生在日本殖民统治时期的平壤一个“反日爱国家庭”。随后，他先后就读于金日成大学(Kim Il Sung University)和俄罗斯的莫斯科国立大学(Moscow State University)。
His political career spanned some 65 years after joining the ruling Workers’ Party of Korea in the mid-1950s. He worked as a speechwriter for Kim Il Sung and rose steadily through the ranks to become the country’s foreign minister in 1983, overseeing international relations for 15 years.
他在20世纪50年代中期加入朝鲜劳动党(Workers' Party of Korea)后，政治生涯延续了约65年。他曾为金日成撰写演讲稿，随后稳步升迁，并于1983年出任该国外交部长，主管对外关系达15年之久。
Kim became a role model of North Korean bureaucrats for his successful navigation of the country’s terror politics. Experts say his political longevity is mainly due to his strong loyalty to the Kim family, his prudence and discretion.
金永南因成功应对国家的恐怖政治而成为朝鲜官僚的榜样。专家称，他之所以能够长期立足，主要归功于他对金氏家族的强烈忠诚，以及其谨慎与审慎。
“If Kim Il-sung was pointing to a wall and said there is a door, Kim Yong Nam would believe that and try to go through it” wrote the American journalist Don Oberdorfer in his book The Two Koreas, quoting a former North Korean diplomat. Oberdorfer considered the former head of state “a puzzling figure. In greetings before business began, he was cordial and relaxed, but once at work, he relentlessly followed his script.”
美国记者唐•奥伯多佛(Don Oberdorfer)在其著作《两个朝鲜》中引用一名前朝鲜外交官的话写道：“如果金日成指着一面墙说那里有一扇门，金永南就会相信，并试图从那里穿过去。”奥伯多佛认为这位前国家元首“是个令人困惑的人物。正式开始之前的寒暄中，他和蔼而放松，但一旦进入工作，他就不折不扣地按照脚本推进。”
Tae Yong-ho, a former North Korean diplomat who defected to South Korea, attributes the longevity of Kim’s career to his strong political acumen. “He was a perfect model of regime survival,” Tae told a local CBS radio show in Seoul, praising Kim’s ability to read power shifts “at least ten years ahead”.
叛逃至韩国的前朝鲜外交官太永浩表示，金永南在政坛的长青，得益于其强大的政治敏感度。他在首尔的一档CBS电台节目中称：“他是政权存续的完美范本”，并赞扬金永南能“至少提前十年”洞察权力格局的变化。
“Kim Yong Nam survived six decades at the centre of power without ever abusing it,” Tae said. “In North Korea, his way of survival remains a manual for how to endure [within the regime.]”
“金永南在权力中心屹立六十年，却从未滥用权力，”太永浩说。“在朝鲜，他的生存之道仍是一部如何在体制内坚忍不拔的‘操作手册’。”
Kim helped to ensure smooth power transitions between each generation of the ruling dynasty. When Kim Jong Il died in 2011, he urged the country to rally around Kim Jong Un, proclaiming him to be the new “supreme leader of our party, military and people”.
金永南协助确保朝鲜执政家族在各代之间实现权力的平稳过渡。2011年金正日去世时，他呼吁全国团结在金正恩周围，宣布其为“我们党、军队和人民的新最高领导人”。
“When Kim Jong Un first appeared in public, Kim Yong Nam was the first among the hesitant elders to bow 90 degrees, which led others to follow,” said Tae.
当金正恩首次公开露面时，在那些仍显犹豫的元老中，金永南率先深鞠九十度礼，带动其他人纷纷效仿，太永浩说。
Kim was left intact in the purges of Kim Jong Un’s early rule, which culminated in the execution of the leader’s powerful uncle Jang Song Thaek in 2013.
在金正恩执政初期的清洗中，金永南未受波及；这场清洗最终在2013年以处决其权势显赫的姑父张成泽(Jang Song Thaek)告终。
As the country’s most recognised diplomat, Kim often welcomed foreign dignitaries in Pyongyang and led government delegations abroad. He communicated frequently with South Korean officials. South Korea’s current unification minister Chung Dong-young, a strong supporter of engagement with North Korea, said of Kim: “I had meaningful talks with him about peace on the Korean peninsula and development of inter-Korean relations” during meetings in Pyongyang in 2005 and 2018.
作为该国最知名的外交官，金永南常在平壤迎接外国政要，并率领政府代表团出访；他也与韩国官员保持着频繁沟通。韩国现任统一部长郑东泳——一位坚定主张对朝接触的支持者——谈及金永南时表示，自己在2005年和2018年于平壤举行的会晤中，“就朝鲜半岛和平与韩朝关系发展同他进行了富有意义的会谈”。
Kim’s last but most prominent diplomatic act came in 2018 at the age of 90, when he led the North Korean delegation to the Winter Olympics in South Korea, along with Kim Yo Jong, the influential sister of Kim Jong Un.
2018年，90岁高龄的金永南完成了他最后一次、也是最引人注目的外交活动：他与金正恩颇具影响力的妹妹金与正(Kim Yo Jong)一道，率领朝鲜代表团前往韩国参加冬季奥运会。
The trip made him the most senior North Korean official to visit South Korea, paving the way for Kim Jong Un’s meeting with the former South Korean President Moon Jae-in in 2018 and with US President Donald Trump in 2019.
这次访问使他成为访问韩国的朝鲜最高级别官员，为金正恩分别于2018年会见前韩国总统文在寅(Moon Jae-in)、以及于2019年会见美国总统唐纳德•特朗普(Donald Trump)铺平了道路。
His influence waned as he got older. He retired in 2019 and was replaced by Kim Jong Un’s close aide Choe Ryong-hae as head of North Korea’s parliament.
随着年事渐长，他的影响力逐渐减弱。2019年他退休，由金正恩的亲信崔龙海接任朝鲜最高人民会议的领导职务。
“He could stay in power for such a long time as he was the perfect man the Kim dynasty needed as the top manager,” said Cheong Seong-chang, a researcher at Sejong Institute, a think-tank in Seoul. “He didn’t have any enemies or close allies. He always obeyed the regime with unwavering loyalty and managed diplomatic affairs well, being well aware of what is going on outside North Korea.”
位于首尔的智库——世宗研究所(Sejong Institute)研究员郑成长(Cheong Seong-chang)表示：“他之所以能在位这么久，是因为他正是金氏王朝所需要的那位最高管理者。他既没有敌人，也没有亲密盟友。他始终对体制保持毫不动摇的忠诚，处理外交事务也很得当，并且对朝鲜以外的动向了然于心。”